IntroductionThe United Arab Emirates, popularly referred to as the UAE, is a young country with vibrant economy. Higher educational institutions in the country were first geared towards vocational training and as a result, Colleges of Technology were opened in 1988. ICT has also been uplifted in UAE schools following the education reforms announced by ADEC in 2006. It can therefore be concluded that some of the most promising and innovative practices in the education sector in UAE involves technology. Firms as well as several corporations have not been left behind as they try to align with the changing times of technology. The paper aims at addressing the given concepts that are being used towards improving technology in the United Arab Emirates. In an emerging economy like that of UAE, investors are continuously coming in hence suggesting a high competitive arena. This can as well be boosted by various companies keeping in touch with changes in technology. Improving Technology in Operational ManagementMost Middle East countries are recording an increasing growth rate in using the internet. This is a sign that challenges in terms of technological expertise will be realized. However, it is important to point out that there has been slow progress in the rate of investing in technology sector. In order to lift the technological capability of the UAE, it will be necessary to make considerable financial as well as resource investment. This will also be followed up by the introduction of policy changes that entail innovation strategies. Innovation and dividesAs changes in technology continue to materialize, government officials as well as corporate institutions are advancing on the need to refer to the reliable and timely data so as to be able to asses and modify given data. Towards this cause, it will be necessary to monitor and evaluate e-strategies towards financing initiatives. Renewing the record of producing and exporting ICT productsFollowing a report released by the UN commission, it was found that UAE has a poor record for the production as well as exporting of ICT products and services. It is therefore important, in order to improve operational management through technology, to develop a strong official support in the technology sector. Major companies employing the services of technology should focus on investing on new and emerging technology. Improving ICT legislation & regulationsAnother aspect that ought to be considered in the UAE towards improving technology will be to enact the ICT legislation, regulations as well as enforcements. This is because the United Arab Emirates have limitations in the laws that protect consumer’s confidential information and privacy. This is also seen in the national copyright as well as intellectual property laws which are poorly enforced. There should be in place adequate regulatory structures that will govern telecommunications and the internet. Legal and regulatory IssuesThe environment in the United Arab Emirates is characterized with underdeveloped legal and regulatory system that presents obstacles the development and innovation of technology. The local demands in operational management in the United Arab Emirates have not been met due to several reasons. One such factor is the creation of the intellectual property’s rights and the ICT sector which have been directed towards meeting the international demands. This has left local business being left unattended. Most countries in the Middle East are not keen on enacting laws and regulations that will render information secure. The United Arab Emirates should therefore respond to the demands of privacy to information by creating an environment where such laws exist. The government of UAE in conjunction with the private sector should create avenues where there is a high level of IP protection and enforcement. Furthermore, consumer privacy in UAE must be focused upon so as to improve the level of technology. UAE must on a continuous basis combine new regulations offered by the United Nations with the local qualifications. Laws must be passed for instance, the Cyber Crime Law that focuses on fighting those who misuse cyber space and the emerging technology. Legislation must also be directed towards privacy, jurisdiction, data protection and the domain names so as to improve on operational management in the United Arab Emirates. Personal Computers penetration and digital contentThe rates at which personal computers are penetrating into operational management in the United Arab Emirates are still very low. Citizens’ should be encouraged to buy more personal computers to boost operational management. This will be seen as encouraging and boosting the rate at which work is accomplished. Awareness should be created by the government to encourage more users of personal computers and also provide internet services which are easily affordable by all. This is also seen as limiting the level of marketing when it comes to Web page marketing. One option that should be developed to effectively use technology and improve its usage is through gaining access to computers and making good use of them. E-CommerceE-Commerce must also be improved to limit the low rates that have been recorded in the country. Operational management can be made easier if communication link between businesses to business is effective. This is enabled through developing an E-commerce activity. Companies must therefore be encouraged to device online marketing and trading so as to boost this concept towards improving technology in the country. The government should also move increasing amounts of tender offer as well as payments activities online. This will encourage more users to be well informed on the changing faces of technology. Majority of Business people in the United Arab Emirates should develop a culture where they appreciate the advent of technology. This is why they have not yet gained an insight on the profits that can be brought through applying ICT to business. An alliance should be formed between the business sector and the government of United Arab Emirates. It should be incumbent for the government to create awareness that will increase the number of regional institutions that use the internet in their daily operations. Companies must also be flexible towards migration to online purchase and sales transactions. There should be mechanism in place that will create legal framework that protects e-commerce in the various companies in operation within the United Arab Emirates. E-governmentThe United Arab Emirates should effectively enhance the provisions of services and information to its citizens via the e-government. Registrations and other forms of service delivery should be encouraged through the e-government. These might include the use of smart cards during shopping ventures, biometrics and public key infrastructures. InnovationIn order to improve on technology and result in the flourishing of the economy, there is need to develop innovations. A strong commitment on the part of private sectors as well as the government in innovation will lead to improved ties in promoting technology. Resources towards implementing technology should be availed for its lack has led to a major challenge towards innovation. Organizations are also advised to avoid being too rigid for this is another way that hinders prosperity of technology. The market condition in the country should enhance an enabling environment where prosperity of technology might thrive. It is also important to indicate that provision of a market data and analysis in regard to trends will determine how technology is perceived with the dispatch of information. Education SectorAs have been earlier mentioned, it is important that the delivery of education on emerging technology be incorporated in the syllabus. Young men and women must get conversed with technology at an early stage to avoid the system being taken out through irrelevance. This can be enhanced through the public-private partnership. The education system should also unleash the innovation of students as well as teachers by effectively using the ICT system. The capacity of the local ICT industry should be increased to cater for increasing demands through learning and business. As part of the education reforms, a system that will be emulated with other developing nations should be put in place. This will enable an exchange program that will promote the ICT sector and as a result, boost the level of operation in institutions. ConclusionThe Paper has presented the various ways through which technology can be improved in the United Arab Emirates. This encompassed by several other factors gears towards improving the level through which communication is made. It has also outlined the various steps that the government should undertake towards the same course. ReferenceDutta, S et al. (2011). Promoting Technology and Innovation: Recommendations to Improve Arab ICT Competitiveness. Retrieved 15th June 2011 from http://www.chilearab.cl/descargas/2_3.pdf via Blogger Improvement of Technology | Do My Homework
0 Comments
How America became a world power, between1890 – 1974In the early 1890’s, major countries like the United Kingdom and Germany were gaining control over countries in Africa. In the United States, things were different. They were not interested in gaining power through colonizing people with various cultures, languages and religions. The United States through an older generation of moralists viewed that ruling other countries without gaining their consent violated their republicanism (Mandelbaum). They wanted to focus on uplifting societies that were backward. The United States wanted to become naval power through replacing its wooden sailing ships with those of steel vessels that were powered by oil or even coal in 1883. The United States viewed that in order to control the seas; they had to acquire the naval bases as well as coaling stations. While various countries from Europe were engaged in power struggles over colonies, America was domestically positioning itself so as not to be closed out in the struggle for global markets and raw materials (Digital History). In the 1890’s., America witnessed half of its petroleum and a quarter of the nation’s farm being sold overseas. The United States gained global support over their derived policy to uplift people who were still backward. This initiative was supported by mainstream protestant Churches who begun establishing missions in Asia and Africa. China for instance, had over 500 missions by 1890. The policy makers in America started displaying assertiveness. This was also witnessed by America being involved in overthrowing the monarchy in Hawaii in 1893 (Digital History). From this annexation of the Hawaiian monarchy, debate started on whether America should begin colonizing other nations. It also came close to declaring war over Germany due to the way they were handling Samoa in 1889. America also retrieved from declaring war with Britain when the British were involved in a territorial dispute with Venezuela (Fry). All these pointed on how America started emerging as a world super power though they were not interested in colonizing other countries, but focusing on improving their economy to be self dependant. Work CitedDigital History. The United States Becomes a World Power. 2011. 13th June 2011 <http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=188> Fry, H.E. Lament for America: decline of the superpower, plan for renewal. University of Toronto Press. New York. 2010. Mandelbaum, M. The Frugal Superpower: America’s Global Leadership in a Cash-Strapped Era. Public Affairs. New York, 2010 via Blogger America became a world power, between 1890 – 1974 | Do My Homework Odysseus Strings His BowThe contest is announced by Penelope and as a result, retrieves the bow from a secret store room deep in the palace. The bow is however strung by Telemachus for sport and unfortunately, fails on three attempts. Telemachus is about to succeed accomplish the string when Odysseus prevails upon him to give up (Homer et al 307). As the contest proceeds, a meeting occurs between Philoetius and Eumaeus where Odysseus outlines his plan and asks for their support. Odysseus suggests to the contest that he wants to give the bow a try and is supported by his lieutenant, Penelope. The weapon is easily stringed by Odysseus who fires the arrow straight through the axes. He, together with his trusted friend Telemachus, stands in unison to face the suitors. On the other hand, we can conclude that Penelope approves of Odysseus winning the contest. This can also mean that Penelope is aware of Odysseus true identity (Homer et al 310). Penelope’s attraction to support Odysseus is seen as an act of hospitality to support the wandering stranger. Furthermore, the ring involved is what the wandering stranger shots his arrow through. A closer look at the event depicts a known target by Odysseus sitting on a stool at the time. The height is therefore in proportion with hitting the target for such a shot. It is significant to point out the role of Telemachus in the contest, which can be seen as his apparent heir to the reign of the wandering stranger, Odysseus. Penelope introduction of the idea is of great significant and it went ahead to threaten the status of Antinous. The praise accorded Odysseus by Antinous can be considered hypocritical for it is not genuine. At the closure of the chapter, Antinous request for a postponement of the contest, something that is opposed by Odysseus. Postponement is however minimal when Odysseus asks for a chance at the bow (Homer et al 316). The wandering stranger finally shoots the arrow through the axes. Accentuation of the action is an indication that something more important is about to take place. Work CitedBaldwin, P.S. Cliffs Notes on Homer’s The Odyssey. 2000 New Jersey, NJ. John Wiley and Sons Clay, S.J. The wrath of Athena: gods and men in the Odyssey. 1997 Maryland. Rowman & Littlefield Homer et al. The Odyssey.2005 Baltimore, Maryland. JHU Press Odysseus Strings His Bow | Do My Homeworkvia Tumblr Odysseus Strings His Bow | Do My Homework Question 1There is a terrible curse that has characterized Thebes and King Oedipus sends Creon, his brother in law to seek Apollo’s advice. However, the terrible cause can only be lifted if the murder of the former King who was Laius is convicted and handed over the sentence. The former king met his death at crossroads several years back. As a result of Creon message, the King embarks on a mission to find the killer of the former king. His intention to find the murder prompts him in subjecting citizens who are unwilling to questioning which also involved a blind prophet (Homer). The shocking news is the revelation that the murderer of the former king is king Oedipus himself. This was according to the report of the blind prophet. As always, the kings wife objects to this message and prevails upon the king not to accept the blind prophet verdict. She terms the prophet as being wrong. The wife thinks that by reminding the King of a story will solve his worry. This leads to several assumptions as to why the curse is in the city. The King hence remembers that he had killed a man at eth crossroads and who might have been the former king, Laius. Question 2A Belgian legislature called for the entire fellow female citizen in Belgium to stage a sex strike. This was because she was fed up with the unending bickering of male peers to form a coalition government. The sex strike was to last until the male counterpart, who dominate the legislature, come up with an amicable solution to the stalemate (Crumley). The challenge posed by the female legislature was not to effectively resolve the impasse, but to generate a new birth to the hung parliament. The proposal was brought up by Marleen Temmerman after bitterly fought general elections. In an aim to follow the footsteps of women in Kenya who decided to go on a sex strike to prompt their male counterpart reach an amicable solution. This is the trend that the Belgian women employed. The same can be compared with Lysistrata who planed a meeting between all the women of Greece. The aim of the meeting was to evaluate on the initiatives in ending the Peloponnesian War. The two incidents of sex strike were characterized with the aim of resolving the deadlock in political climate. It took several months after the disputed elections in Belgium to solve the stampede, a characteristic that was being shred by Greece (Aristophanes). In both cases, the politicians failed to agree in forming a coalition government to prevent further chaos. In reaction to this, Lysistrata asked women to refuse sex with their husbands until such time that a treaty was formed for peace. The two countries had women being called in to assist in bringing the unstable situation to calm. The inspiration on both occasions was inspired by Ms. Temmerman and Lysistrata who were both women. The concept of strike involved in the two campaigns was refusal of sex with their male counterpart. I think the two sex strike went along way in resolving the disputed environment as a result of election. This means that the women had their way. Question 3I agree with Socrates fatal decision to stay. Socrates was sentenced to death in Athens and his friend, Crito, visited him in prison to prevail upon him to escape rather than face death. Socrates allows his friend Crito to justify as to why he wants him to escape and failing to do so, he decides to stay and face death. Crito articulates of having arranged for the escape and they do not want to be the laughing stock as having failed Socrates (Baines). Crito and his contemporaries see a failure to rescue Socrates will condemn them to shame as having failed in their friendship. Socrates on eth other hand rejects the basis on account that what mattered the most was integrity on issues and not what people were going to say. The arguments of Socrates are well documented, depicting him as a man of values and principles. He tells his friend Crito not to be overwhelmed by others reaction but to look unto the call of justice. Crito is advised to care about a knowledgeable opinion and be a person oriented in justice and understands injustice. Socrates has accepted to pay the price of disobedience to the government of Athens. It is therefore absurd for him to continue breaking the same laws that he broke in trying to escape. The city of Athens is seen to have betrayed the trust of Socrates and Crito is in no need to understand. Socrates decides to honor the judgment and refuses to betray the city in turn (Baines). He therefore preserves the dignity of eth city of Athens by deciding to observe the laws that have subjected him to death. He asserts that an escape will be a form of revenge for the wrong done to him. Question 4“But you, Achilles, There’s not a man in the world more blest than you- There never has been, never will be one. Time was, when you were alive, we Argives Honored you as a god, and now down here, I see, You lord it over the dead in all your power. Sp grieve no more at dying, great Achilles.” I reassured the ghost, but he broke out, protesting, “No winning words about death to me, shining Odysseus! By god, I’d rather slave on earth for another man- Some dirt-poor tenant farmer who scrapes to keep alive- Than rule down here over all the breathless dead” The above statement is realized when Achilles was having a conversation with Odysseus. This was when Odysseus took the long journey to the underworld. This journey is noted as a flashback. The two environments bring about a subject of amusement for the heroes. The new found settlement proves to be rich in vegetation. The strength possessed by Achilles is the major contributor to Odysseus success. On the other hand, Achilles reckons the significance of Odyssey prowess in being alive. There is celebration of the glory won which is a result of conquering the winning battles, in the first epic (Lesser). The focal point of this success revolves around Achilles. The first perception in the other land cannot be compared with the success in the current one. Furthermore, Achilles is now dead due to his struggle to win great glory. Achilles thinks that Odysseus is not sincere and is employing double standard in talking to him. Having conquered, Odysseus is warned not to lose sight of the power he has for it might cost him the same way it did Achilles. Work CitedAristophanes. Lysistrata. 1996. Nick Hern Books. London. Baines, L. How to Get a Life, Volume 2. 2004. Humanics Publishing Group. Florida, FL. Crumley, B. The solution to Belgium’s Government Crisis: Stop Having Sex. Time NewsFeed. 2011. 24th April 2011. <http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/02/09/the-solution-to-belgiums-government-crisis-stop-having-sex/> Homer. The Odyssey. 2007. Wilder Publications. Washington. Lesser, O.S. The whispered meanings: selected essays of Simon O. Lesser. 1977. Univ of Massachusetts Press, MA. Thebes and King Oedipus sends Creon | Do My Homework via Tumblr Thebes and King Oedipus sends Creon | Do My Homework Techniques in Speech CommunicationThe current system is not the best means of recruiting effective officials and should be done away with. I believe the current system is the beginning of fear, anxiety and tension in the minds of many students. It is therefore of essence, to note that the current system is responsible for several death cases where officials do not qualify in the end term exams. This is as a result of being ridiculed by the parents for having failed. Furthermore the test being handed to the officials are not the best and effective way of gauging the ability of future officials. The current system does not produce leaders who are responsible (Harrington et al). This is encompassed through the system encouraging cramming and unnecessary expenditure. The allocation of marks to students is not properly documented by the current system as well. Confucian TextsIn order to be an effective official, one has to be good and should involve dutiful and pure. To base an argument that one is a perfect leader without action does not qualify a servant, as stated by Confucius texts. The texts prepare one to be an effective leader in that it advocates for the love and passion for learning. Confucius illustrates on the need for an official being formed by observing the rites with a right mixture of native substance and cultural refinement (Confucius). The last aspect of the text developing an official is the respect of humanity. Taking care of the elderly as well as providing food is not enough. One ought to go an extra mile of offering protection and carrying oneself with utmost dignity. The system is meritocraticThe system offers a national testing that do not assist with the development of performance assessment. There is not teacher education and staff development hence the orientation being offered an official do not meet the required criteria. The current system does not address the level of stress which leads to poor performance of the officials. There are no proper mechanisms to address the concept of suicide which befall s students when they have underperformed. The system is not producing the best brains in the country. This is due to the fact that the system does not reflect the real working environment situation (DOE). Officials tend to perform well in course work but when it comes to final exams, they underscore. This leads to them ending up in low paying jobs and diminishing their potentials. The present system should in part be replaced in part by a system of recommendations. For instance, there should be the re-examination of cases by the federal government to offer multiple choice testing. The assessment system should be evaluated on the basis of extensive experience at all the levels. The current system should not be entirely removed but some changes should be implemented so as to gain some ground. Work CitedConfucius. The Confucian Analects. 2004. Kessinger Publishing. Montana. DOE. Topics of state examination. 2011. 24th April 2011 <http://kaj.vse.cz/english/anglo-american-studies/topics/> Harrington, J. et al. Techniques in speech acoustics. 1999. Springer. Heidelberg, Berlin Techniques in Speech Communication | Do My Homeworkvia Tumblr Techniques in Speech Communication | Do My Homework IntroductionBackgroundHearing impairment is a generic term associated with both the deaf and the and hard of hearing leading to difficulty within a person in working and relating with the environment. Many people define hearing impairment as the inability to hear sounds. It is a condition where a person’s ability to detect certain frequencies of sound is completely or partially impaired. Such people find it difficult to grasp certain aspects while undergoing the educational system. Hearing impairment can disturb the whole variety or only part of the hearing spectrum, which for a language perception; the vital district is between 250 and 4,000Hz. These people undergo rough times due to discriminations where they are barred from attending educational system based on the disability. All the same, having understood that disability is not inability, the community has accepted such people and are trying hard to make their lives comfortable after all no one would wish to be disable (Arf´e & Boscolo, 2006, p271). Different stakeholders and nations have developed various ways of ensuring that the disabled are given equal opportunities like the able and this has been so extensive in the field of education. MotivationTechnological advancement has worked so hard in trying to find a lasting solution for such people with visual impairments (Deafed.net, 2001). Children with hearing impairment have had to attend special schools with expertise in ensuring that the get the best out of the educational system. Many researches have indicated that training or teaching the disabled is an investment in the education just like in teaching and training the able community (Allen in Schildroth, & Karchmer, 1968). They are regarded as normal human resource like the others and this calls for serious measures in teaching them. One very vital development in the educational system is the e-learning where stakeholders are able to learn online. Such concepts are applicable in the special schools dealing with children with hearing impairment (Van den Broek, 1997, p321). AimThis paper describes the various benefits of using the e-learning method or concept in the special schools for children with hearing impairment. It however accepts the possibility of the various barriers that prevents the applications of such important technological advancements. It therefore goes a notch a head and discusses the possible barriers to effective e-learning of children with hearing impairment while attempting to get the relevant solutions for the discussed barriers (Van den Broek, 1997, p329). In conclusion, the paper gives a stand regarding the thesis statement, “removal of barriers to learning for children with hearing impairment in the e-learning environment is the best thing the world can ever offer to the disabled children thus promoting their welfare through enhancing easy learning process for them”. Terminology
Literature ReviewCategoriesThere is a great difference between being deaf and having a hearing impairment ut most people have confused the two to mean the same things. Whereas deaf relates to the total loss of hearing skills in one or both the two ears, hearing impairment relates to both comprehensive and partial loss of the skill to hear. In fact, there are two classifications of hearing impairment; Conductive or Sensorineural. There are instances where the two can occur at the same time. These two types of hearing impairment have differences in them and the way they affect the person. Whereas conductive hearing impairment refers to an injury that results from dysfunction in any of the organs or instruments found in the ear that helps transform sound into meaningful information, Sensorineural impairment is one that results in the inner ear dysfunction. The latter is where the cochlea is affected within the interior of the ear thus failure to transform sound sensational into meaningful signals. The following gives the differences between the two forms of hearing impairment.
ToolsIt is important that a system be developed in order for the deaf students and their teacher to have a proper interaction that would see into it that the verbal language of such students using signs is up to date. Systems have been proposed on the e-learning environment on how to ensure an interactive relationship based on learning between the deaf children and their teachers. Some centralized systems have been proposed and developed thus making sure that students with hearing impairment and their teachers interact normally like those without any problems physically (Van den Broek, 1997, p342). These systems have proved very useful in enhancing the educational level amongst the children with hearing impairment thus enabling various communities, organizations, and governmental stakeholders to be efficient and effective while trying to secure a good place for the deaf within the advancing and growing global village. Many scholars have no doubts in them that such interactive sign languages will be very useful in enhancing educational development amongst deaf children. Some examples of such systems are described in the following paragraphs, which gives an elaborate incite into how such systems can be applied within the conceptual framework of teaching and learning of children with hearing impairments (Wallace & Apt, 2006, p89). From these discussions, it will be easier to identify the barriers to such development and find ways of removing the barriers with so much intent of creating a barrier free e-learning environment especially for the physically challenged individuals in terms of hearing. The following are some examples of sign language applications for the children with hearing impairments. Within the e-learning environment, learners get the chance of interacting and learning through online services and materials. Online learning entails the use of internet in getting the required materials that enhance the learning process. So far, this has been considered as one of the best and the cheapest way of getting information for the children with hearing impairment. In an e-learning environment, many software and programs have been advance in order to ensure that the deaf get the best out of education. One such advancement or useful program has been the use of an e-learning tool called the LODE, a LOgic-based e-tool for the DEaf Children (Gennari, & Mich, 2007, p98). LODE is an important tool in enhancing the learning process of a deaf child. It is web tool for deaf children aiming at stimulating global reasoning on the already written e-stories. Text comprehension has enabled the access of knowledge in a broader way thus appraisable (Wallace & Apt, 2006, p152). It is important to note that throughout the world from the classical period to the contemporary world, many people have documented the fact that reading delay in deaf children is really a challenge thus such tools as LODE are vitally needed to solve the issue (Dillon & Song, 1997, p214). Some of the reasons proposed for the difficulty in the reading of the deaf are that they are not exposed to the verbal language and the idea that it becomes difficult for them to grasp content faster due to the poor understanding ability. From scholars’ point of view, a person with limited access or exposition to verbal language finds it difficult to comprehend the necessary written language. It is important therefore that appropriate measures be taken in an attempt of solving such problems (Gennari, & Mich, 2007, p121). LODE gives the room for the deaf children within an e-learning environment to be able to reason out in a logically manner about the written narrative presented to him or her. Through such tools, a deaf is able to understand the comprehension of written language despite the fact that there is limited exposition to the verbal language. A novel literacy e-tool for deaf children should have the ability of aiming at stimulating reasoning, globally, on a narrative by correlating the various activities or events present within the excerpts or narratives within their reach. LODE e-tool bases its main objective in education of deaf children on such concepts. In fact, LODE narrates written stories especially the narratives as children enjoy them more than other forms or writing while inviting the deaf children to create simple stories out or the read narratives (Khwaldeh & Matar 2007, p42). After that, the e-tool, LODE invites the same engaged deaf children to deduce consistent correlations whether positive or negative from among the events unfolding within the provided stories. Such invitations and interactions between the deaf children and the e-tool learning materials encourage the educational development of the deaf children thus it is important for different organizations, firm, and government to ensure that such tools exits for the betterment of the educational system amongst the physically challenged group of people and more especially the deaf. This was developed by (Traxler 2000, p337) through coming up with a PHP program that is meant to support the use of sign language in an e-learning environment for the children with hearing problem. In this proposed and developed system, a deaf person who accesses the internet with a view of learning would have the website for learning entered. Once this is done, a word is shown on the screen of the monitor as a movie using the sign language. From this movie display of the various words, the deaf student recognizes the word thus does his or her selection of the word and continues with the learning process (Dillon & Song, 1997, p235). Once the student is able to recognize the word from the given list of words then it becomes very easy for him or her to enter the website and do more of the leaning on his or her own. This has proved to be one of the best tool used in the e-learning environment giving the students a chance of getting to interact with the teachers of the educational systems through the internet (Traxler 2000, p340). Such methods especially the ASL is applicable globally in world countries that learn through English language. It is important to encourage such development and technological advancement in order to ensure that there is no stone unturned and that the physically challenged get the fair share of the educational system (Deafed.net, 2001). Deaf students through using the ASL are able to understand various procedures involved in enhancing the learning process. It gives them the opportunity to share their views in better ways and this is very useful, as it will enhance the development of such children (Khwaldeh & Matar 2007, p87). From the ongoing discussion, it is true that learning and education are correlated activities and that their advancement and developments are such vital and influential when it comes to the developmental studies of the individuals with the hearing problems (Dillon & Song, 1997, p265). ASL is an e-tool that allows the students to use definite websites for ensuring that they grasp the knowledge required in enhancing the various educational developments. It is therefore important that students should be taught various mechanisms for developing the ways of accessing the website and through such ways, it will be important that the students involved will have a smooth learning process and this will lead to educational stand up of such students (Traxler 2000, p348). ASL is an e-tool that creates a conducive environment enhancing the proper allocation of time for development of websites that are going to be very useful in ensuring that the respective students understand the various learning and by extension the educational system of the said institutions (Mohammad & Shirali-Shahreza, 2008). Many special schools for physically challenged students and more especially the deaf have embarked on a mission that is very essential in enhancing the well being of their students through the website interaction tools such as the ASL and other sign languages that are available in other countries. Indeed, people are doing commendable jobs aimed at enhancing equality amongst different groups and categories of people without caring the physical challenges one has (Furth 1966, p461). This is a website for kids who want to learn the sign language due to their hearing disability. In most cases, this promotes the use of the British language unlike the ASL that promotes the American language. It has been identified by researches that such languages are very important and vital in most parts of the world (Deafed.net, 2001). Most countries apply the two languages in an attempt to develop their educational curricula no wonder technological developers though of only these two at the beginning. It should be noted however that due to increased demands for such sign languages caused by different spoken languages, it has become necessary for the responsible citizens and scholars of various countries to come up with the relevant sign language to assist children with hearing problems (Furth 1966, p462). Such sign language e-tools for learning include the Arabic Sign Language (ArSL). All these sign languages operate just like the other do with the difference being the fact that they support various languages. Other than sign languages in ensuring that there is interactions between deaf students and their teachers, there has been serious developments in the learning and educational process within the various organizations and stakeholders of the educational system. Such systems include the following; According to different projects carried out with an aim of developing education amongst the various educational stakeholders and especially the ones with physical impairment such as hearing, so many developments and findings accrued. Such projects have been very useful in ensuring that the hearing-impaired students get chance at least to understand the educational system in a perfect way (Gennari & Mich, 2008). An example of a project that has yielded so much in terms of the educational development of children with hearing problems is the Webeducation Software Planungsund EntwickungsgmbH in conjunction with the Australian Association for hearing impaired deaf project (WITAF). This project has so far been useful as it led to the development of an e-learning tool that gives the deaf the possibility of generating and publishing contents by themselves on the e-learning platform. Is this not a beautiful and awesome project and development? Most of the deaf children in the learning platform can now be able to generate and publish certain contents by themselves and this has been very useful in enhancing the educational process of the physically challenged (Mohammad & Shirali-Shahreza, 2008). Various developments have been made as regards the educational systems of the physically challenged students especially those with hearing problems. Through the development of the BSL, so many developments have followed. Among them is the development of the text-to-sign browsers. In this system, it is possible and easier for the deaf to translate the text information into sign language and vice versa (Mohammad & Shirali-Shahreza, 2008). This would mean that whenever the student faces challenges in understanding the various concepts of written languages, he or she simply translates the written or text language into sign language thereby aiding his or her understanding of the same concept. Again, after the development of a sign language and the student fins it difficult to translate the language into a text format, it will be easy to translate it using the browser (Deafed.net, 2001). This has been another awesome development in the educational sector of the children with hearing problems. Another awesome invention amongst the technological scholars has been the discovery of the online SL dictionaries. There has been development of such dictionaries that aid in the development of the learning process of an individual. It gives the learner the opportunity to get to know the meaning of certain words within the learning process. Online Sign language dictionaries are an important tool for learning and training of the sign languages as used by the various learning students (Mohammad & Shirali-Shahreza, 2008). It is developed according to the language of the SL. For instance, the Italian sign language has its own online sign language in Italian. Many online dictionaries for the sign languages have been developed to this direction. It has become a very important tool for the trade; in this case, our trade understands the learning concept of the children with hearing problems. Each sign is accompanied from the material including very vital components that is; on one side one translational equivalent and the other side synonyms and antonyms in the Sign Language (Deafed.net, 2001). These have been commendable developments in the educational system of the learning and education of the children with hearing problems. TechniquesThe major focus of this study is establishing the various effects of hearing impairment on the learning process of a child. It is proven that hearing impairment significantly affects the learning process of an individual however mild the problem may be (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1997-2011). In the U.S. it has been found out that every school there are students experiencing hearing problems hence every teachers should expect to find at least one children having difficulties in hearing hence affecting his learning adversely (Schappert, S. 1992). Moreover, Davis (1990) asserts that academic delays are a characteristic of children experiencing hearing problems however mild they may be. The following chart gives some of the main characteristics of the problems experienced from the hearing impairment significantly having the possibility of affecting the child’s learning process.It can be seen from the data that shows in the graph the increasing performance gap for children with very slight hearing losses.
Figure 2 (Crandell, C. 1993) In here review of the Children with hearing loss issue Finitzo-Hieber, T. and Tillman, T. 1978 identify the children with hearing impairment require more favorable conditions (a development in signal-to-noise ratio of 12 to 15 dB) than do other children acceptable to achieve the same word credit. That is, the teacher’s voice must be heard by an additional 12 or 15 dB above the noise level in order for children with hearing loss to understand as well as other children in the same room. These more favorable listening conditions cannot be attained through children’s use of hearing aids alone. On the other hand, Traditional hearing aids place the microphone on the child’s ear, and these increase both the signal (the teacher’s voice), and the noise (the children’s chatter) equally. Figure 3 presents the experimental data on the noise combined with reverberation has a dramatic effect on speech understanding by children with sensorineural hearing loss. Figure 3 (Finitzo-Hieber, T. and Tillman, T. 1978) The most interesting finding was that children with hearing impairment appearance like all other children, but they reasonably experience prevention while trying to learn in unfavorable conditions. Some prosper in spite of the conditions; others could be become poor readers, deprived mathematics students, or behaviour problems (Davis, 1990). The first set of analyses examined the impact of hearing impairment that could present a barrier to connected learning for different reasons that includes; 90% of the knowledge developed by a young child is educated incidentally. Furthermore, a hearing impairment is a fence to overhearing and education from the environment. In addition, children with hearing impairment cannot listen and learn-at least 10%of classroom instructions may be missed (Dr G K Hebbar, s, ENT Endoscopy Centre, 2000-8). The process of learning for the deaf has been very difficult since such people have unique communication needs. They are unable to hear the continuous and repeated flow of language used for them while passing on the message. Unlike hearing children, hearing-impaired children are unexposed to enormous amounts of the language simulation. In any case, researches have indicated that their learning abilities do not often go beyond that of a young children having o hearing problem, to be precise the researches have compared them to eight-year old normal children and found out that they have a lower learning ability than the latter. Another important characteristic of the hearing-impaired children is the fact that they tend to reason on single episodes and show difficulties while in the fundamental process of formulating global relations such as the temporal relations that exists between episodes of a narrative that is presented to them for analysis (Arf´e & Boscolo, 2006, p300). Such problems are taken into considerations while dealing with the deaf, hearing-impaired children when aiming to educate them. ApplicationBarriers to Learning for Deaf Children in an e-Learning EnvironmentHaving discussed some of the ways in which children with hearing impairment can get to know various ways of understanding and being learned; it will be prudent to embark now on a discussion of the various barriers that exist in the e-learning environment for the development of the learning objectives for early challenged students. Technological BarriersTechnological advancement has led to more computers to be more adapted or manufactured for accessibility as well as to perform certain specific functions. However, such technological advancements are prone to different kinds of barriers that if not mitigated then the advantages of such technological advancements will not only be in vain but also introduce more complications to society especially the educational society (Lamdsberg, Kruger & Nel, 2005, p75). The very first technological barrier arising from such developments include the expensiveness of hardware and software required in installing the various programs that support the learning of children with hearing impairments. Such expensiveness has been felt so much in the developing countries where the special education sector finds it difficult to acquire those (Mohammad & Shirali-Shahreza, 2008). Consequently, there are poor developed educational systems for those children with hearing problems thus causing the countries even more as there are many mouths to feed with fewer hands that bring food to the table. Another technological barrier is the lack of qualified personnel to operate the various specific programs developed for the deaf. First, computer hardware and software offerings are still much too expensive for most students and schools. Unlike the other normal software and hardware not forgetting the programs developed from such software of the normal operating systems, the deaf have specialized programs, software, and hardware that require trained personnel in such specific areas (Moore 2004, p38). It is a pity that most of these personnel are inadequate within the environment and this causes so many problems as regards to the development of the educational system amongst the deaf. It is even worse to discover that most of the teachers within such specialized schools were trained in the normal operating programs and not those specific to teaching the handicapped students in terms of hearing. This has been a serious barrier as regards the administering of the educational concepts to the children with hearing impairment in the e-learning environment (Lazzaro 2001, p74). Structural BarriersEducating children with hearing impairments within the e-learning environment does not only require technological advancements but also the structural development that can accommodate such technologies. Structural developments include the buildings, other necessary resources, and the human resources. Resources are very useful in developing different projects within a give are or sector. It is appraisable how different countries have worked so hard in developing special schools for the development of the educational sector in the children with hearing problems (Mohammad & Shirali-Shahreza, 2008). However, with increased technological development, it has become inevitable to change and develop some of those special schools with an aim of ensuring that there are no discordances between the structural developments of the special schools and the technological advancements. Such structural problems have become a barrier to the educational development of the children with hearing problems or impairments (Lazzaro 2001, p88). Both the structures and the resources have posed a great challenge to development of the various educational systems for the children with hearing problems and this should be addressed. Political BarriersPolitics is usual the central stage for any development or underdevelopment existing within a given nation. In this regard, politics has played a bigger role in determining the development of the learning process of children with hearing problems. Developmental issues in most democratic forms of government require that the legislature pass certain bills to make it possible for the release of funds catering for such projects (Lamdsberg, Kruger & Nel, 2005, p128). Bills taken into legislative assemblies are normally carried out in personal interest forums or ways where a given group of legislatures with only support the passing of a development bill incase it will benefit the immediate society. The reasons for such actions is for them to use them in campaigns for the same positions in subsequent elections claiming that he or she is the one who initiated certain projects (Alldeaf.com, 2002). This has influenced significantly various aspects of development within nations governed democratically. Even those nations with other forms of government such as dictatorial, anarchy, and monarchy amongst others have influence on the development of educational systems especially as concerns the physically challenged people (Leigh 1999, p102). This has been a serious barrier to such advancements. Another political barrier is the representation of the physically handicapped people within the governing bodies such that they can push for developments that directly relate to them. It is pathetic when you look at various countries’ governing bodies identifying very few physically challenged people representing their ideologies. In any case, even the groupings that they develop to help them fight for their rights are normally politicized and shunned down (Foster 1992, p76). Socio-Cultural BarriersSome socio-cultural barriers play a significant role in deterring the learning process of children with hearing impairment in e-learning environment. These factors or barriers arise due to the various believes and practices of various communities within the global village. It is unusual to discover that in most developing countries very find disable people are given the opportunities to get access to educational systems (Knight & Swanwick, 1999, p212). Such communities in the said developing countries have a conviction that there is very little that can be done in ensuring that such children receive the best of education. Most people in addition to this find it very difficult while comparing students with normal physique versus those having disability. It is a shame that the international community has not developed proper legislature that can assist in curbing this problem. Therefore, many people uses such loop holes in preventing the children from accessing the various educational systems and this proves to be very detrimental to not only the country affected but also the whole world. Economical BarriersWith the technological requirements at the background of our minds, it becomes easy to estimate the necessary technological financing for a nation to be able to cater for people with hearing disability. Looking at the requirements it becomes so evident that there is much fund required in order to put up the various structures and technology. Many countries are however unable to meet such economical demands for the various structures and technological requirements (Foster 1992, p99). Without economical support, there is very little that can be done in terms of enhancing the educational systems for children with hearing disabilities thus leading to poor performance of the affected nation when they have many mouths to feed but very little hands that engage in the production process. Removing Barriers to Learning for Children with hearing Impairment in E-learning EnvironmentThe existing barriers to learning for children with hearing impairment in the e-learning environment should be removed if a community or a nation would like to attain highest levels of educational development (Alldeaf.com, 2002). Removal of the said barriers will also enhance the productivity of the nation taking into considerations that everyone is engaged in the production process. With the benefits of education well elaborated in the first paragraph of this paper, it is easier to understand and appreciate the benefits that will accrue to children with hearing impairment when they will be able to receive education through the removal of potential barriers. The following is a discussion on the removal of each barrier discussed above. Removing Technological BarriersIt is important that the developers of the hardware, software, and specific programs for children with hearing impairment to come up with cheaper and affordable such devices in order for the lowly placed communities in terms of income to be able to purchase them. Caution should however be taken not t jeopardized the quality just because there is need for the reduction of the prices (Mohammad & Shirali-Shahreza, 2008). Reducing the costs of hardware, software, and specialized programs for the handicapped children can be achieved in a number of ways that include removal of trade barriers on the said equipment as well as giving subsidies to importers especially in places where they are not manufactured. When the materials are manufactured within the country, there should be developed policies to ensure that affordable products are produced (Barker & Schaik, 2010). Inadequate qualified personnel as a barrier should be reduced by ensuring that there are a good number of trained people to deal with such equipments. Colleges and other higher learning institutions that train teachers for children with hearing impairment should engage in using the relevant programs in training and educating them. This will result into many teachers in the nation with right skills and expertise for enhancing the educational process. Removal of this barrier will go a long way in promoting the education of the said group of children with hearing impairment. Furthermore, they could be employment of assistive technologies, which refers to computer hardware and software solutions enabling children with hearing impairments to use computers. They include devices such as voice recognition device allowing for automatic conversion of words given in the text especially while dealing with sign languages and vocal synthesis devices whose main function is that it allows for the text conversion or synthesis to speech or voice. Removing Structural BarriersFor barriers related to structure, the specialized schools need to upgrade their structures to be able to meet the requirements of the advancing technology. This should include installations of networking dishes as well as satellite dishes enabling the various institutions proper, efficient, and effective capturing and accessing of the internet for exchange forums and other educational benefits derived from the internet. There is need to come up with numerous special schools built using the modern technology that will promote the acceptance and education of children with hearing impairments. The number of special schools is not enough taking into considerations that the number of those kind of children who want to attend schools have now increased due to increased awareness concerning disability and inability (Alldeaf.com, 2002). Moreover, there is need for increasing the number of colleges that offer training of the various teachers who engage in teaching of the said group of children with hearing impairments. Removing Political BarriersLegislatures should mind about bills concerning the development of technology within the educational sector for that various categories of the disabled persons. Through acceptance and passing of the necessary bills, a country is able to obtain the required materials or equipment in enhancing the development of educational curricula. Their intervention will enhance the removal of trade barriers such as tariffs on the technological equipment for the children with hearing impairment. There should be laws allowing for a given percentage of representation in the legislatures for the physically challenged people. This will give them rooms for pushing for development agenda among them, a thing that has for a long time been forgotten (Alldeaf.com, 2002). Representation of such groups of people will give them the forum to identify the various projects especially relating to educational sector for them to be independent as well, in any case, it is true beyond reasonable doubt as it has always been said; disability is not inability (Royal College of Physicians of London, 2007). Removing Socio-Cultural BarriersThis barrier is only removable through enlightenment of the community concerning the various ways of accepting and taking care of the physically challenged persons. There is need to educate them on the merits of educating them and demerits of failing to take them to schools. This will go along way in enhancing the education of the various affected children having the disability of hearing (Barnes & Mercer, 2010). Removing Economical BarriersEconomic barriers are removable through soliciting for funds from different organizational bodies such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the likes. It may be reduced through asking for donors and grants to finance projects of promoting and encouraging the educational systems of the children with hearing problems (Levine & Maggie, 2007). Different bodies within a nation should come together to assist children with hearing impairment to achieve the desired objectives in education. MethodologyThis research was conducted in order to determine how we can remove barriers for children in an E-Learning environment. It was also good to evaluate the advantages as well as disadvantages of E-Learning in this particular environment. Specifically, a total of 60 respondents, from various fields were questioned so as to evaluate the usage of e-learning for children with hearing impairment. The selected participants in the research reacted to questions and data was hence gathered from the research and later computed for interpretation. Along with employing primary data collection, the research also used secondary resources in the form of articles published as well as literature to support the survey results. Research DesignThe descriptive method of analysis was employed in the given study. This was characterized by gathering information about the benefits of using e-learning for children with hearing impairment. It also described how to remove barriers for children in an e-learning. The emphasis carried on in this research was to describe the situation about hearing impairments rather than judging the situation. The situation had already been out of hand with several limitations being referred to children with disability. In primary data collection, the research was able to use a flexible approach where new important issues arose and led to further investigation being carried. In employing descriptive research of hearing impairments, the result was able to evaluate the condition as well as the degree of barriers for children in e-learning environment. The questions that were asked were related to hearing impairments in regard to children and e-learning.
This resign outlook was carried out through research done from the books as well as from the internet. The group in question here is the children with hearing impairment with reference to their advancing in the e-learning environment. It is imperative to note that those who were being targeted were the working class whose age range from 18 to 60 years. The youth under the age of 30 years are more likely to face steep challenges in e-learning environment in regard to technology which continues to evolve. The age brackets of 35 years and above are making resounding detachment from making the subject matter and as a result, they are left out in making right choices in advancing the cause of children with hearing impairment. The scale outlined below was evaluated so as to interpret the total number of responses of all the respondents of the questions through computing the weighted mean. Data Processing and AnalysisAfter gathering all the completed questionnaires from the 60 respondents, the total amount was analyzed in detail through reflecting on hearing impairment from various groups. In order to use the recognized data in evaluation, weighted mean to represent each question was given a computerized dimension. The weighted mean can be termed as the average in which a corresponding weight is linked to the quantity of averages. Each quantity of the given weights is represented by the corresponding weights. ResultsThere should be laws allowing for a given percentage of representation in the legislatures for the physically challenged people. This will give them rooms for pushing for development agenda among them, a thing that has for a long time been forgotten (Alldeaf.com, 2002). Representation of such groups of people will give them the forum to identify the various projects especially relating to educational sector for them to be independent as well, in any case, it is true beyond reasonable doubt as it has always been said; disability is not inability (Royal College of Physicians of London, 2007). In ensuring this perception, we are going to create an enabling environment where the physically handicapped are catered for in e-learning. The research has brought out issues that will lead to equal opportunity allocation for all stakeholders. For instance, affirmative action will be taken to ensure that no body will be deprived of the basic commodities of life. The research has enabled the general public to be having an insight in the area of e-learning. On the other hand, the public have appreciated the fact that there are initiatives that should be undertaken so as to ensure level playing ground. ConclusionAs a parting short, the paper has elaborated on the removal of barriers to learning of children with hearing impairments within an e-learning environment. Nonetheless, the paper appreciated that it is always good to move from the unknown to the known. That is why it started by identifying the various benefits that accrue from education so that as one removes barriers to education, he or she becomes aware of the benefits that will be derived. In addition, the paper gave examples of e-learning tools just to shade some light on how the e-learning environment has influenced the education of the physically challenges (Alldeaf.com, 2002). Before embarking on the removal of the barriers, the paper gave the examples of barriers experienced within the educational system of physically handicapped children. Overall, the paper concludes by accepting the thesis statement that indeed, removal of barriers to learning for children with hearing impairment in the e-learning environment is the best thing the world can ever offer to the disabled children thus promoting their welfare through enhancing easy learning process for them. ReferencesAlldeaf.com (2002). Captioning & Sign Language Interpreter. Retrieved on March 18, 2011 from http://bit.ly/2TngBPu Alldeaf.com (2002). E-Reading for the Deaf and its Challenges. Retrieved on March 18, 2011 from http://bit.ly/33vpxXG Alldeaf.com (2002). Sign Language and Oralism. Retrieved on March 18, 2011 from http://bit.ly/2TqxhWl Allen, T. (1986). “Patterns of Academic Achievement among Hearing Impaired Students: 1974 and 1983”. In Schildroth, A. N., and Karchmer, M. A. Deaf children in America. College Hill Press Arf´e, B., and Boscolo, P. (2006). Causal Coherence in Deaf and Hearing Students’ Written Narratives. Discourse Processes 42(3):271–300. Barker, P. & Schaik, P. (2010). Electronic Performance Support: Using Digital Technology to enhance Human Ability. England: Gower Publishing Limited Barnes, C. & Mercer, G. (2010). Exploring Disability. Cambridge: Polity Press. Brown, R. & British Sociological Association (1990). Knowledge, Education, and Cultural Change: Papers in the Sociology of Education. London: Taylor & Francis Publishers. Pp Bustos, A. & Espiritu, S. (2000). Foundation of Education. Quezon City: Katha Publishing Company, Inc Crandell, C. (1993) “Speech recognition in noise by minimal degrees of sensorineural hearing loss,” Ear and Hearing, 14 (3), 210-216. Davis, J. (1990) Our Forgotten Children: Hard-of-hearing Pupils in the Schools, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC. (68 pages) Deafed.net (2001). Council of Education for the Deaf. Retrieved on March 18, 2011 from http://bit.ly/33skyad Deafed.net (2001). Diversity in Deaf Education. Retrieved on March 18, 2011 from http://bit.ly/2TqTnIA Deafed.net (2001). Helping the Deaf Children get Access to Education. Retrieved on March 18, 2011 from http://bit.ly/2TqTnIA Dillon, A., and Song, M. (1997). An Empirical Comparison of the Usability for Novice and Expert Searchers of a Textual and a Graphic interface to an Art-resource Database. Journal of Digital Information 1(1); 214-265 Finitzo-Hieber, T. and Tillman, T. (1978) “Room acoustics effects of monosyllabic word discrimination ability for normal and hearing impaired children,” Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 49, 409-418. Fleay, F. (2009). Three Lectures on Education. New York: Read Books Publishers. Pp 67-78 Foster, S. (1992). Deaf Students in Postsecondary Education. London: Routledge Publishers. Pp 76-99 Furth, G. 1966. A Comparison of Reading Test Norms of Deaf and Hearing Children. American Annals of the Deaf 111:461–462. Gennari, R. Ornella, M.”Designing and Assessing an Intelligent E-Tool for Deaf Children ” , Intelligent User Interface Conference(IUI’08), Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Spain, January 2008 . Gennari, R. Ornella, M.”Designing and Assessing an Intelligent E-Tool for Deaf Children Second Phase ” , Intelligent User Interface Conference(IUI’09), Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Spain, January 2008 . Gennari, R., and Mich, O. (2007). Constraint-based Temporal Reasoning for E-learning with LODE. In Proc. of the Thirteenth International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, Pp 98-121 Gennari, R., and Mich, O. (2007). Constraint-based Temporal Reasoning for E-learning with LODE. In Proc. of the Seventeenth International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, Pp 98-121 Gennari, R., and Mich, O. 2008c. Global Temporal Reasoning on Stories with LODE: a Logic-based E-tool for Deaf Children. Technical Report KRDB08-4, KRDB Research Centre, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. Khwaldeh, N. & Matar, Z. (2007). Interactivity in Deaf Classroom Using Centralised E-learning System in Jordan. New Delhi: PGNet. Pp 42-87 Knight, P. & Swanwick, R. (1999). The Care and Education of a Deaf Child: A Book for Parents. New York: Multilingual Matters Publishers. Pp 212 Lamdsberg, E., Kruger, D. & Nel, N. (2005). Addressing Barriers to Learning: A South African Perspective. Michigan: Van Schaik Publishers Pp 75-128 Lazzaro, J. (2001). Adaptive Technologies for Learning & Work Environments. California: ALA Editions Publishers. Pp 74-88 Leigh, I. (1999). Psychotherapy with Deaf Clients from Diverse Groups. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press. Pp 102 Levine, P. Maggie, K. (2007). Trauma Through a Child’s Eyes: Awakening the Ordinary through Learning. California: North Atlantic Press Mohammad, S. & Shirali-Shahreza, S.,(2008). “Encouraging Persons with Hearing Problem to Learn Sign Language by Internet Websites “,8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies(ICALT) Moore, J. (2004). Elements of Quality Online Education: Into the Mainstream: Wisdom from the Sloan Consortium. New York: Olin College. Pp 38 Nayar, D. (2000). Towards a National System of Education. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, Pp 25-76 Royal College of Physicians of London (2007). Hearing and Balance Disorders: Achieving Excellence in Diagnosis and Management. Report of a Working Party. London: RCP Traxler, C. 2000. The Stanford Achievement Test, 9th Edition: National Norming and Performance Standards for Deaf and Hard-of-hearing Students. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 5:337-348 Van den Broek, P. (1997). Discovering the Cement of the Universe: The Development of Event Comprehension from Childhood to Adulthood. In van den Broek, P., and Bourg, T. E., eds., Developmental Spans in Event Comprehension and Representation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 321–342. Wallace, M., and Apt, K.(2006). Constraint Logic Programming using ECLiPSe. Cambridge University Press. Pp 89-152 Removing Barriers for Children in E-learning Environment | Do My Homeworkvia Tumblr Removing Barriers for Children in E-learning Environment | Do My Homework TOPIC: British Airways business strategies.British Airways is the largest airline in the United Kingdom. The company has been the best in commercial aviation with more than 550 destinations around the world. British airways have been on the lead with innovative services. As well known it was the pioneer of scheduled international passenger travelers Airline connecting famous London-Paris route. British Airways introduced services of supersonic speeds jet engines airplanes for commercial flights. The company has about 46,000 employees with 6000 working outside the United Kingdom. The company enjoys more than 36 million customer base. British Airways strategyInvesting in People and products:The company invests heavily in continuous training of the huge staff base so that they can serve the big client base. As Janet Windeeatt, the company’s head of training comments, the company invests in training in matters since the company recognizes training as a key to delivering quality and satisfactory services to its customer. Customer service delivery is a key to business viability and growth. The company has adapted a program known as “BA Way.” This was a program to outline the company model and brand. The company energy to stay at top in the industry was to be demonstrated using the program. The company had to build and maintain culture of low-cost carriers and provides valued flight services. The company staff had to be trained and encourage to focus on these strategy. The BA way program has several factors which has to focused on and form part of the company vision and strategic directions for its entire staff. These factors are: one, Be the best U.K based network, two, understand the Customers better than the competition, three, to be the powerful brand that people know and trust, four, foster a competitive cost base and five, to work together as a team. These five factors formed the company logo and motto. As the Janet windeeatt explained, it was of importance that the company engages on strong supportive teams that would ensure standard service delivery on the customers. The adapted program was a key on ensuring strong brand that would attract and maintain its client. Beside strong, vision, mission and direction statements, the training department engages on regular training to team members on “Leading our future” program. These are interactive programs between management where every members share their views concerning the company’s on-going strategy and future expectations. These forums help senior and juniors share business matters and therefore help people understand the business issues. These forums also inform everyone and hence improve on the service delivery. The training department conducts operational training, customer service training, management development, professional development and corporate initiatives in every company’s department. Pilots and engineers also undertake their highly specialized and technical training as well. The company has embraced E-learning method to facilitate its training to its employees. E-learning would convey much educational training more conveniently in various functions and directions. In these trainings the company engages on is to ensure that employees understand and appreciate their duties thereby deliver valued services to the British Airways customer. These all being a strategy to maintain dominance and stay focused on Airline Industry. Marketing and technology:British airways have been keen on technology adaptation. Recently they have gone digital marketing. Bigmouthmedia has partnered with British Airlines with task of building a multi-channel digital account to deliver ranging and innovative strategy for the British Airways. The intention of the campaign being to synchronize the company’s online strategy with its offline promotions and sales processes and hence enable the company lead on digital marketing ( pay pal option). The whole objectives of the company move to these campaign being to increase its Return on Investment and reduction the cost per action (CPA) the company on digital marketing investment. The second objective is to increase the web channel sales on its key routes. The campaign would provide a platform where British Airways can upgrade its investment based on performance of its business. This campaign is in line with company’s new technology adoption. Through these pay per click technology aims at enabling the company learn of user response and can adjust its operations in real-time. This is because this digital technology can provides data and reports in real time. This innovative management system provides information that help the company manage its operations depending on situations and demands. These integration help the business transact profitably. Through the bigmouthmedia partnership the company has expanded its operations and business. Through research by bigmouthmedia British airline realized its primary business field which incudes targets such as flights, holidays and car rental , and secondary targets like city breaks, luxury holidays and ski holidays. These are strategies of ensuring the company stay in business and continues venturing in to new areas and services via technology innovation. These help company enjoy pride in delivering the high valued levels of services. Its through the tendancy of British airways development into a wide range of innovation and technology that have made them embrace online tickets sales. the company run a website: ba.com where consumers would book and pay for their airline tickets. These self-service ticketing and online booking has made customer find it easy to deal with the company. This move has greatly welcomed by travel and tourism sectors contribute s the biggest industry in e-commerce payments. Through the online advert and promotions alone, British Airways was able to sell 20 percent of their tickets. With these kind of consumer shift to online business and minimized online fraud has created essential increase in revenue to the British airways. Air travelers seem to be shifting for the airlines that offer high quality services, which have well followed schedules, on-time arrivals and offers low fares. Then airlines companies have got only to integrate their cost of operation with revenue returns and produce products and services that would best fit customer’s expectations. British airways have to also focus on adjusting its business strategy to those that stand a competitive advantage with its rivals. Currently through the company’s website, customer are able to seek easily their preffered and perfect flights destinations based on their preferences. With the Tripseeker, customer can interact online and click to view information containing fares to specific directions with details on cost, key destinations consisting of city details and features, its climatology among more other descriptions. Once the customer establishes their destinations exhaust and make their decisions, they can book their freight easily and to their satisfaction. This technology hence enables the company to make necessary management adjustment to incorporate all taste and preferences of customers. On corporate strategy the British Airlines has to be strong. For axample by being the member, you stand a chance of collecting and accumulating BA miles which are to be rewarded. The more you use BA flights, the more BA miles you have, when you use on the BA partners Airlines or you book a holiday packages and use selected hotels for your holiday, then your gain the BA miles. Whenever the member uses BA credit cards for shopping or rental their rentar cars gets miles. Then the more your miles, the far the company can fly you. These corporate relations with general clients is adaptation to ensure the company’s strong trust and sense of attachement with other corporate and people. How new strategies have contributed to the Success of the British Airways Company in the current economic climateUpgrading of existing productsThe increase in demand for Rio saw the company doubling the number of frequency to this destination this in turn enabled the company to offer its customers more choice and greater availability. Brazil is experiencing a strong Economic growth which is a great opportunity for British Airways to be part of the growth. The company has gone further to offer the services in three classes namely World Traveler (economy), World Traveler Plus (premier economy) and Business class which gives the customer a variety to choose from. This has seen the company recover passenger revenue which in turn will help the company offset its deficit by the end of the year. In line to attract more consumers who may feel dissatisfied with existing products, the concept of undertaking an upgrade allows for a successful venture. British Airways has therefore positioned itself strategically so as to face increasing market competition. Creating new productsBritish airways have launched a map-based search tool on its website that has made it easier for holiday makers to find the best holiday places and events. The Tripseeker option allows travelers to easily search the British Airways world wide network that helps in their decision making based on factors such as temperature and prices. This has enabled customers to find the perfect flights for the perfect destinations just by making few selections on the type of holidays they want. This tool also allows customers to search for what suits them by just selecting their appropriate time of travel, temperatures they are looking for, budget and class of travel. Through this product customers of British Airways are able to choose from a variety of the destinations offered by the company. The company has continuously revolutionized its operations by ensuring that its flights operate on time across a network which has increased customers confidence on the company. The company has also received positive feedback from its customers on the creation of the new First class cabin. From these products the company has continuously managed to increase its revenue and customer base compared to its performance in the previous years. The company also scooped the Best Airline Worldwide and Best long haul Airline awards in this year Business Travel Awards. This has further strengthened the progress of the company towards being the leading global premium airline. Going into Partnership (Merger)British Airways and Iberia entered into an agreement of code sharing. This merger has opened up Latin America for British Airways Company on one hand and has opened up the Middle East to Iberia’s customers on the other hand. This merger has benefited customers of both companies because they are now able to mix and match Iberia and British Airways flights to suit their schedules and budgets. The two companies have benefited widely from a large platform of advertisement created by this merger which in turn has promoted not only the company’s sales but also its revenues. New payment optionsThe company introduced the pay pal option that provides the safest, fastest and most secure way of booking and paying for flights. This option eliminates the need of providing the credit or debit card every time one is booking a flight. In line with evolving technology, new payment options are a good way to idealize market options that will create an enabling environment. This environment informs the management at British Airways to make informed decisions on advancing new markets. This enables the customer to pay and book his flights at the comfort of his computer which in turn makes the activity not only fun to the customer but also beneficial to the company. Use of social network sites to advertiseBritish Airways is on twitter and this has enabled it too reach a large number of customers. The company has realized that most people are always visiting the social networks on their free time and the only way of reaching them at these times would be to find them on these sites. These sites have enabled the company to reach a variety of its potential customers which in turn has increased its customer base thus profiting the company. The company also realizes that the best way to reach a customer is by finding him during his free time because at this time it is easier to capture his attention. Addressing upcoming Issues immediatelyThe company had an emerging issue of pension deficits. To address this issue it held consultation with the trade unions and finally arrived at an agreement that maintained the company’s contribution at that the current level. This allowed the company time to recover from its current financial difficulty. Cost ControlThe company has reduced both fuel costs and non-fuel costs to a considerable level. The company has introduced structural change, cuts in external spending and capacity reductions. By so doing the company has managed to cut costs by almost 1billion pounds, that is 597million pounds reduction in fuel costs and 390 million pounds in non-fuel costs. The company has achieved this by working closely with its suppliers which has reduced non-fuel operating costs. This in turn has led the company to make operating profits after cutting costs by 10.5 percent. This was triggered by the new realities created by the global recession and the need to return to long term profitability. Cost control also ensures that competing companies are well tackled so as to remain relevant in the market. Corporate ResponsibilityThe company is working with Solena Group that is producing jet fuel that is low in carbon. This has continued to improve the yields of the company and has enabled it to gain a strong position in the corporate world. The company won the award for the Best Corporate Social Responsibility for their continuous involvement in the community and environment. Encompassing other like minded groups can help in uplifting British Airways corporate responsibility. Risk ManagementThe company is faced by a number of risks ranging from events causing long term network disruption for example weather conditions or civil unrest. To mitigate this risk the company has robust business continuity plans to reduce these risks to feasible extent. These measures have saved the company loss of revenue and additional costs in the last business quarter. REFERENCES http://www.britishairways.com/travel/about-british-airways/public/en_us British Airways Business Strategies I Do My Homework via Tumblr British Airways Business Strategies I Do My Homework Odysseus Strings His BowThe contest is announced by Penelope and as a result, retrieves the bow from a secret store room deep in the palace. The bow is however strung by Telemachus for sport and unfortunately, fails on three attempts. Telemachus is about to succeed accomplish the string when Odysseus prevails upon him to give up (Homer et al 307). As the contest proceeds, a meeting occurs between Philoetius and Eumaeus where Odysseus outlines his plan and asks for their support. Odysseus suggests to the contest that he wants to give the bow a try and is supported by his lieutenant, Penelope. The weapon is easily stringed by Odysseus who fires the arrow straight through the axes. He, together with his trusted friend Telemachus, stands in unison to face the suitors. On the other hand, we can conclude that Penelope approves of Odysseus winning the contest. This can also mean that Penelope is aware of Odysseus true identity (Homer et al 310). Penelope’s attraction to support Odysseus is seen as an act of hospitality to support the wandering stranger. Furthermore, the ring involved is what the wandering stranger shots his arrow through. A closer look at the event depicts a known target by Odysseus sitting on a stool at the time. The height is therefore in proportion with hitting the target for such a shot. It is significant to point out the role of Telemachus in the contest, which can be seen as his apparent heir to the reign of the wandering stranger, Odysseus. Penelope introduction of the idea is of great significant and it went ahead to threaten the status of Antinous. The praise accorded Odysseus by Antinous can be considered hypocritical for it is not genuine. At the closure of the chapter, Antinous request for a postponement of the contest, something that is opposed by Odysseus. Postponement is however minimal when Odysseus asks for a chance at the bow (Homer et al 316). The wandering stranger finally shoots the arrow through the axes. Accentuation of the action is an indication that something more important is about to take place. Work CitedBaldwin, P.S. Cliffs Notes on Homer’s The Odyssey. 2000 New Jersey, NJ. John Wiley and Sons Clay, S.J. The wrath of Athena: gods and men in the Odyssey. 1997 Maryland. Rowman & Littlefield Homer et al. The Odyssey.2005 Baltimore, Maryland. JHU Press
via Blogger Odysseus Strings His Bow | Do My Homework Techniques in Speech CommunicationThe current system is not the best means of recruiting effective officials and should be done away with. I believe the current system is the beginning of fear, anxiety and tension in the minds of many students. It is therefore of essence, to note that the current system is responsible for several death cases where officials do not qualify in the end term exams. This is as a result of being ridiculed by the parents for having failed. Furthermore the test being handed to the officials are not the best and effective way of gauging the ability of future officials. The current system does not produce leaders who are responsible (Harrington et al). This is encompassed through the system encouraging cramming and unnecessary expenditure. The allocation of marks to students is not properly documented by the current system as well. Confucian TextsIn order to be an effective official, one has to be good and should involve dutiful and pure. To base an argument that one is a perfect leader without action does not qualify a servant, as stated by Confucius texts. The texts prepare one to be an effective leader in that it advocates for the love and passion for learning. Confucius illustrates on the need for an official being formed by observing the rites with a right mixture of native substance and cultural refinement (Confucius). The last aspect of the text developing an official is the respect of humanity. Taking care of the elderly as well as providing food is not enough. One ought to go an extra mile of offering protection and carrying oneself with utmost dignity. The system is meritocraticThe system offers a national testing that do not assist with the development of performance assessment. There is not teacher education and staff development hence the orientation being offered an official do not meet the required criteria. The current system does not address the level of stress which leads to poor performance of the officials. There are no proper mechanisms to address the concept of suicide which befall s students when they have underperformed. The system is not producing the best brains in the country. This is due to the fact that the system does not reflect the real working environment situation (DOE). Officials tend to perform well in course work but when it comes to final exams, they underscore. This leads to them ending up in low paying jobs and diminishing their potentials. The present system should in part be replaced in part by a system of recommendations. For instance, there should be the re-examination of cases by the federal government to offer multiple choice testing. The assessment system should be evaluated on the basis of extensive experience at all the levels. The current system should not be entirely removed but some changes should be implemented so as to gain some ground. Work CitedConfucius. The Confucian Analects. 2004. Kessinger Publishing. Montana. DOE. Topics of state examination. 2011. 24th April 2011 <http://kaj.vse.cz/english/anglo-american-studies/topics/> Harrington, J. et al. Techniques in speech acoustics. 1999. Springer. Heidelberg, Berlin via Blogger Techniques in Speech Communication | Do My Homework Question 1There is a terrible curse that has characterized Thebes and King Oedipus sends Creon, his brother in law to seek Apollo’s advice. However, the terrible cause can only be lifted if the murder of the former King who was Laius is convicted and handed over the sentence. The former king met his death at crossroads several years back. As a result of Creon message, the King embarks on a mission to find the killer of the former king. His intention to find the murder prompts him in subjecting citizens who are unwilling to questioning which also involved a blind prophet (Homer). The shocking news is the revelation that the murderer of the former king is king Oedipus himself. This was according to the report of the blind prophet. As always, the kings wife objects to this message and prevails upon the king not to accept the blind prophet verdict. She terms the prophet as being wrong. The wife thinks that by reminding the King of a story will solve his worry. This leads to several assumptions as to why the curse is in the city. The King hence remembers that he had killed a man at eth crossroads and who might have been the former king, Laius. Question 2A Belgian legislature called for the entire fellow female citizen in Belgium to stage a sex strike. This was because she was fed up with the unending bickering of male peers to form a coalition government. The sex strike was to last until the male counterpart, who dominate the legislature, come up with an amicable solution to the stalemate (Crumley). The challenge posed by the female legislature was not to effectively resolve the impasse, but to generate a new birth to the hung parliament. The proposal was brought up by Marleen Temmerman after bitterly fought general elections. In an aim to follow the footsteps of women in Kenya who decided to go on a sex strike to prompt their male counterpart reach an amicable solution. This is the trend that the Belgian women employed. The same can be compared with Lysistrata who planed a meeting between all the women of Greece. The aim of the meeting was to evaluate on the initiatives in ending the Peloponnesian War. The two incidents of sex strike were characterized with the aim of resolving the deadlock in political climate. It took several months after the disputed elections in Belgium to solve the stampede, a characteristic that was being shred by Greece (Aristophanes). In both cases, the politicians failed to agree in forming a coalition government to prevent further chaos. In reaction to this, Lysistrata asked women to refuse sex with their husbands until such time that a treaty was formed for peace. The two countries had women being called in to assist in bringing the unstable situation to calm. The inspiration on both occasions was inspired by Ms. Temmerman and Lysistrata who were both women. The concept of strike involved in the two campaigns was refusal of sex with their male counterpart. I think the two sex strike went along way in resolving the disputed environment as a result of election. This means that the women had their way. Question 3I agree with Socrates fatal decision to stay. Socrates was sentenced to death in Athens and his friend, Crito, visited him in prison to prevail upon him to escape rather than face death. Socrates allows his friend Crito to justify as to why he wants him to escape and failing to do so, he decides to stay and face death. Crito articulates of having arranged for the escape and they do not want to be the laughing stock as having failed Socrates (Baines). Crito and his contemporaries see a failure to rescue Socrates will condemn them to shame as having failed in their friendship. Socrates on eth other hand rejects the basis on account that what mattered the most was integrity on issues and not what people were going to say. The arguments of Socrates are well documented, depicting him as a man of values and principles. He tells his friend Crito not to be overwhelmed by others reaction but to look unto the call of justice. Crito is advised to care about a knowledgeable opinion and be a person oriented in justice and understands injustice. Socrates has accepted to pay the price of disobedience to the government of Athens. It is therefore absurd for him to continue breaking the same laws that he broke in trying to escape. The city of Athens is seen to have betrayed the trust of Socrates and Crito is in no need to understand. Socrates decides to honor the judgment and refuses to betray the city in turn (Baines). He therefore preserves the dignity of eth city of Athens by deciding to observe the laws that have subjected him to death. He asserts that an escape will be a form of revenge for the wrong done to him. Question 4“But you, Achilles, There’s not a man in the world more blest than you- There never has been, never will be one. Time was, when you were alive, we Argives Honored you as a god, and now down here, I see, You lord it over the dead in all your power. Sp grieve no more at dying, great Achilles.” I reassured the ghost, but he broke out, protesting, “No winning words about death to me, shining Odysseus! By god, I’d rather slave on earth for another man- Some dirt-poor tenant farmer who scrapes to keep alive- Than rule down here over all the breathless dead” The above statement is realized when Achilles was having a conversation with Odysseus. This was when Odysseus took the long journey to the underworld. This journey is noted as a flashback. The two environments bring about a subject of amusement for the heroes. The new found settlement proves to be rich in vegetation. The strength possessed by Achilles is the major contributor to Odysseus success. On the other hand, Achilles reckons the significance of Odyssey prowess in being alive. There is celebration of the glory won which is a result of conquering the winning battles, in the first epic (Lesser). The focal point of this success revolves around Achilles. The first perception in the other land cannot be compared with the success in the current one. Furthermore, Achilles is now dead due to his struggle to win great glory. Achilles thinks that Odysseus is not sincere and is employing double standard in talking to him. Having conquered, Odysseus is warned not to lose sight of the power he has for it might cost him the same way it did Achilles. Work CitedAristophanes. Lysistrata. 1996. Nick Hern Books. London. Baines, L. How to Get a Life, Volume 2. 2004. Humanics Publishing Group. Florida, FL. Crumley, B. The solution to Belgium’s Government Crisis: Stop Having Sex. Time NewsFeed. 2011. 24th April 2011. <http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/02/09/the-solution-to-belgiums-government-crisis-stop-having-sex/> Homer. The Odyssey. 2007. Wilder Publications. Washington. Lesser, O.S. The whispered meanings: selected essays of Simon O. Lesser. 1977. Univ of Massachusetts Press, MA.
via Blogger Thebes and King Oedipus sends Creon | Do My Homework |
AuthorWe offer homework help services for students. |